Periodontal Disease, also called ‘gum disease’, is a breakdown of the supporting foundation of the teeth. Around 50% of adults experience some form of this chronic inflammatory breakdown, and it is often painless and worsens over time if it is untreated. Similar to a fence-post in the ground, a tooth is anchored by its root, and any lost support may lead to further problems. Early detection is important, and maintaining the foundation below the surface not only keeps your teeth and mouth healthy, but is an important part of total body health.
The process starts when plaque bacteria below the gum line irritate the gums and trigger an inflammatory response characterized by reddened tissue, swelling, and bleeding. In severe cases of periodontal disease, bacteria erode gum and supporting bone tissue, causing gum recession, spaces between the teeth and gums, loosening and shifting teeth, and eventually tooth loss.
Risk Factors
Poor Oral Health Habits: Without twice-daily brushing and regular flossing, there is an increased likelihood of plaque buildup.
Age: Adults age 65 and over have higher incidences of periodontal disease, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Medications: Certain drugs can reduce the flow of saliva. Without adequate saliva production, the mouth can become a breeding ground for bacteria.
Tobacco Use: Users of cigarettes and chewing tobacco are at an increased risk of periodontal disease. Tobacco use is said to be one of the most significant risk factors in the development and progression of periodontal disease.
Genetic Predisposition: Research has found some individuals may be genetically susceptible to periodontal disease.
Smoking: In addition to serious illnesses such as cancer, lung disease, and cardiovascular disease, research finds smoking to be a significant risk factor in the development and progression of periodontal disease.
If periodontal disease is suspected, the next best step is to seek the counsel of a periodontist, a dental specialist uniquely trained in the treatment of periodontal disease. Depending on the severity of disease, a periodontist may recommend a number of treatments ranging from deep cleaning, medication, or surgery. There are also a number of procedures to restore aesthetics and function in the event of tooth loss. Treatment may also include a care routine and the avoidance of certain habits like smoking.